Ma capacitor ali ndi zinthu zambiri zabwino. Amasunga mphamvu ngati chaji yamagetsi osati mphamvu ya mankhwala, choyamba. Izi nthawi zambiri zimalola nthawi yochajira nthawi yomweyo komanso mafunde amphamvu kwambiri. Amatha kupulumuka ma circuits mazana ambiri a chaji-kutulutsa, m'malo mwa ma cycle mazana ambiri a mabatire ozungulira. Ndiye vuto ndi chiyani?
Batire imapereka mphamvu yokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali. Kutengera ndi chipangizocho, mungakhale ndi mavuto ogwirira ntchito pafupi ndi kutha. Mwachitsanzo, mafoni a m'manja amalowa mu njira yosungira mphamvu. Sikuti amangogwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso kupewa kuzimitsa nthawi yomweyo popanda chenjezo.
Monga mukuonera, magetsi amatsika pamene batire ikutha. Mu foni yanu, pali dera losinthira magetsi, lomwe ndi gawo la kayendetsedwe ka mphamvu yonse, lomwe limagwira ntchito yosintha mphamvu ya batri yosasinthasintha kwambiri kukhala mphamvu yamakina yolamulidwa bwino (mwina ma voltage osiyanasiyana). Dziwani kuti pali ubale wofunikira apa: mphamvu=magetsi∗. Chifukwa chake kuti mphamvu ikhale yofanana, monga momwe magetsi amatsikira, dera langa liyenera kukoka magetsi ambiri.
Batire iliyonse imakhala ndi mphamvu pang'ono mkati mwake, ndipo chifukwa cha ubale wina, wotchedwa Ohm's Law, mukudziwa kuti padzakhala mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe yatsika mu batire. Mu chithunzicho, Vout=V0−r∗I, komwe I ndi mphamvu yamagetsi. Chifukwa chake, pamene V0 yanga ikutsika ndipo dera langa loyang'anira mphamvu liyenera kukoka mphamvu yamagetsi yambiri kuti lipereke mphamvu yomweyo, mphamvu yamagetsi yotulutsa batire imatsika mofulumira kwambiri. Izi zimachepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ya batire, ndipo zikutanthauzanso kuti imatsika mwachangu ikatsala pang'ono kutopa.
Koma mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu, mphamvu yamagetsi yokwera, ndi mphamvu yonse mu capacitor imachepa kwambiri pakapita nthawi. Capacitor ili ndi ubwino umodzi: imasunga mphamvu yamagetsi, m'malo mosintha mphamvu yamagetsi kukhala mphamvu ya mankhwala monga momwe zilili mu batire, kotero ngakhale pali kukana kwamkati, ndi yaying'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri inganyalanyazidwe. Ma capacitor amatha kupereka mphamvu yamagetsi yapamwamba kwambiri kwa kanthawi kochepa.
Koma pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pa chinthu, ndizovuta. Kumbukirani chikhumbo changa chofuna kuti mphamvu isasinthe mu dongosolo langa loyendetsera mphamvu, ndipo mphamvuyo = mphamvu yamagetsi. Pamene magetsi athu akuchepa mofulumira, tiyenera kuikonzanso ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikukwera mofulumira kuti tipereke mphamvu yomweyo. Mphamvu yamagetsi yokwera kwambiri imapangitsa kuti magetsi azikwera mtengo kwambiri, zigawo zazikulu zosinthira mphamvu, kutayika kwa mphamvu zambiri m'mabwalo amagetsi, ndi zina zotero… vuto lomweli lomwe batire ili nalo kumapeto, koma izi zikuyamba kuchitika msanga kwambiri pa nthawi yosungira mphamvu ya capacitor. Ndipo pamene capacitor ikuchepa, mphamvu yamagetsi ...
Vuto lina ndilakuti ma ultracapacitor amakono ali ndi mphamvu yochepa kwambiri kuposa mabatire. Ma ultracaps abwino kwambiri pamsika amatha kugwiritsa ntchito 8-10 Wh/kg, ambiri amakhala ngati 5 Wh/kg. Mabatire abwino kwambiri a Li-ion amapereka pafupifupi 200 Wh/kg, ma formula ambiri amatha kufika pa 100 Wh/kg. Chifukwa chake mufunika kulemera kowirikiza kawiri kuti mugwiritse ntchito ma ultracaps. Koma mwina ochulukirapo, popeza nthawi ina mukatulutsa, kutengera momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, magetsi amatsika kwambiri kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi asagwiritsidwe ntchito. Komanso, mosiyana ndi ma capacitor achikhalidwe, ma ultracapacitor nawonso ali ndi kukana kwakukulu kwamkati. Chifukwa chake sangafunike kuthandizira kwambiri kusinthana kwa magetsi kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kenako pali kudzitulutsa mphamvu: mphamvu imatuluka mofulumira bwanji kuchokera ku chipangizo chosungiramo zinthu. Maselo okha a NiMh ndi olimba, koma kudzitulutsa okha kumafika pa 20–30% pamwezi. Maselo a Li-ion amachepetsa izi kufika pa <2% pamwezi kutengera ukadaulo wa Li-ion, mwina 3% m'makina ena kutengera kuchuluka kwa batri. Ma Ultracapacitor amakono amatsika ndi 50% ya mphamvu mwezi woyamba. Izi sizingakhale zofunikira mu chipangizo chomwe chimachajidwa tsiku lililonse, koma zimaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma caps vs mabatire, osachepera mpaka mapangidwe abwino atapangidwa.
Ndipo chifukwa chakuti mukufuna zambiri, mtengo wamakono wa ma ultracapacitors ukhoza kukhala wokwera ndi 6x-20x mtengo wa mabatire. Ngati pulogalamu yanu ikufuna mphamvu yochepa kwambiri, makamaka ndi mafunde afupiafupi amagetsi, ultracap ikhoza kukhala njira ina. Kupanda kutero, sidzakhala m'malo mwa batri posachedwa.
Pa ntchito zamagetsi monga magalimoto amagetsi, si nkhani yothandiza kwenikweni, koma ndi yodziyimira payokha. Ngakhale kuti makina omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma ultracaps ndi mabatire akhoza kukhala osangalatsa, chifukwa kusiyana kwawo kumaphatikizana kwambiri, kusamutsa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu komanso moyo wautali wa cap poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu/mphamvu kwa batire. Ndipo pali ntchito yambiri yomwe ikuchitika kuti ipereke ma ultracapacitors abwino kwambiri, komanso mabatire abwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake mwina tsiku lina ultracap idzakhala ndi ntchito zambiri za batire.
Nkhani yochokera ku: https://qr.ae/pCacU0
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-06-2026