I. Mavuto Ogwiritsa Ntchito a Ultra-Low ESR (≤3mΩ) mu AI Server VRMs
Funso Lalikulu 1: Mphamvu yamagetsi ya CPU yathu ili ndi yankho loipa kwambiri la transient response; miyeso ikuwonetsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa voltage. Kodi VRM ESR ya output capacitor ndi yokwera kwambiri? Kodi pali ma capacitor aliwonse omwe ali ndi ESR yochepera 4 milliohms omwe akulimbikitsidwa?
Q1:
Funso: Pokonza VRM ya AI server CPU power supply, tinakumana ndi vuto la kutsika kwamphamvu kwa core voltage transient voltage. Tayesa kukonza kapangidwe ka PCB ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma capacitor otulutsa, koma malo otulutsira omwe amayesedwa ndi oscilloscope akadali osakwanira, zomwe zimatipangitsa kuganiza kuti ESR ya capacitor ndi yokwera kwambiri. Pa mtundu uwu wa ntchito, tingayeze bwanji molondola kapena kuwunika ESR yeniyeni ya capacitor mu circuit? Kupatula kuyang'ana pa datasheet, ndi njira ziti zothandiza zotsimikizira zomwe zili mkati?
Yankho: Pa ntchito zapamwamba zotere, tikupangira kugwiritsa ntchito ma capacitor olimba a multilayer okhala ndi mawonekedwe otsika kwambiri a ESR, monga YMIN MPS series, omwe ESR yawo imatha kukhala yotsika ngati ≤3mΩ (@100kHz), mogwirizana ndi miyezo ya opikisana nawo apamwamba aku Japan. Pakutsimikizira komwe kuli mkati, liwiro lobwezeretsa magetsi limatha kuwonedwa kudzera mu mayeso a load step, kapena curve ya impedance ikhoza kuyezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito network analyzer. Pambuyo posintha ma capacitor awa, nthawi zambiri sikofunikira kupanganso mawonekedwe a compensation loop, koma kuyesa kwanthawi yayitali kumalimbikitsidwa kuti kutsimikizire zotsatira za kusintha.
Q2:
Funso: Gawo lathu lamagetsi la GPU limakumana ndi kutsika kwakukulu kwa magetsi pansi pa mayeso otentha kwambiri. Kujambula kwa kutentha kukuwonetsa kuti kutentha kwa dera la capacitor kumapitirira 85°C. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti ESR ili ndi coefficient yabwino ya kutentha. Poyesa magwiridwe antchito otentha kwambiri a ma capacitor, kuwonjezera pa mtengo wa kutentha kwa chipinda cha ESR mu datasheet, kodi tiyeneranso kulabadira curve ya ESR drift pa kutentha konse? Kawirikawiri, ndi zinthu ziti kapena kapangidwe kake komwe kamapangitsa kuti ma capacitor asamatenthe kwambiri?
Yankho: Nkhawa yanu ndi yofunika kwambiri. Ndikofunikiradi kusamala kukhazikika kwa ESR ya capacitor pa kutentha konse (-55°C mpaka 105°C). Ma capacitor a polymer solid-state capacitors ambiri (monga YMIN MPS series) amachita bwino kwambiri pankhaniyi, akuwonetsa kusintha pang'onopang'ono kwa ESR pa kutentha kwakukulu. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezeka kwa ESR pa 85℃ poyerekeza ndi 25℃ kumatha kulamulidwa mkati mwa 15%, chifukwa cha electrolyte yawo yokhazikika komanso kapangidwe ka multilayer, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino kwambiri pazochitika zotentha kwambiri komanso zodalirika monga ma seva a AI.
Q3:
Funso: Chifukwa cha malo ochepa kwambiri okonzera PCB, sitingathe kuchepetsa ESR yonse polumikiza ma capacitor angapo nthawi imodzi. Pakadali pano, ESR ya capacitor imodzi ndi pafupifupi 5mΩ, koma yankho losakhalitsa likadali losakwanira. Tikuwona ma capacitor amtundu umodzi pamsika omwe akunena kuti ESR ili pansi pa 3mΩ. Kodi makhalidwe a impedance a ma capacitor a multilayer solid-state awa ndi otani pama frequency apamwamba (monga, pamwamba pa 1MHz)? Kodi mphamvu yawo yosefera ya ma frequency apamwamba idzasokonekera chifukwa cha mapangidwe osiyanasiyana?
Yankho: Iyi ndi nkhani yofala kwambiri. Ma capacitor apamwamba kwambiri a low-ESR multilayer solid-state capacitors (monga YMIN MPS series) amatha kukwaniritsa ESR yotsika komanso ESL yotsika (equivalent series inductance) kudzera mu kapangidwe kabwino ka electrode yamkati. Chifukwa chake, imasunga impedance yotsika kwambiri mu 1MHz mpaka 10MHz high-frequency range, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusefa kwabwino kwambiri kwa phokoso la high-frequency. Mzere wake wa impedance-frequency nthawi zambiri umafanana ndi wa zinthu zofanana kuchokera kumakampani otsogola apadziko lonse lapansi, popanda kusokoneza kapangidwe ka power integrity (PI).
Q4:
Funso: Mu kapangidwe ka VRM ka magawo ambiri, tinapeza kusalingana kwamakono mu gawo lililonse, tikukayikira kulumikizana ndi kukhazikika kwa magawo a ESR a ma capacitor otulutsa a gawo lililonse. Ngakhale pogwiritsa ntchito ma capacitor ochokera mu gulu lomwelo, kusinthaku kumakhala kochepa. Pa mapangidwe amagetsi a seva ya AI omwe cholinga chake ndi kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso, ndi mulingo wotani wa kukhazikika ndi kufalikira kwa batch ESR komwe ma capacitor nthawi zambiri ayenera kukwaniritsa? Kodi opanga amapereka deta yoyenera yogawa ziwerengero?
Yankho: Funso lanu likukhudza maziko a kudalirika kwa kupanga zinthu zambiri. Opanga ma capacitor ogwira ntchito bwino ayenera kukhala okhoza kuwongolera mosamalitsa kusinthasintha kwa ESR. Mwachitsanzo, mndandanda wa MPS wa ymin, kudzera mu njira zopangira zokha, ukhoza kuwongolera kufalikira kwa ESR mkati mwa ±10% ndipo umapereka malipoti atsatanetsatane a ziwerengero za batch parameter. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamapangidwe amphamvu a CPU/GPU omwe amafunikira kugawana kwamphamvu kwamagetsi ambiri.
Q5:
Funso: Kupatula kugwiritsa ntchito ma network analyzer okwera mtengo, kodi pali njira zosavuta zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa ESR ndi liwiro la ma capacitor molingana ndi qualitative kapena semi-quantitatively? Tinayesa kugwiritsa ntchito electronic load poyesa masitepe, koma tingatani kuti tipeze magawo ogwira ntchito kuchokera ku voltage drop waveform yoyesedwa kuti tiyerekezere magwiridwe antchito a ma capacitor osiyanasiyana?
Yankho: Inde, kuyesa masitepe okweza ndi njira yabwino. Mutha kuyang'ana kwambiri pa magawo awiri: kutsika kwa ma voltage ambiri (ΔV) ndi nthawi yomwe imafunika kuti magetsi abwerere ku mtengo wokhazikika. ΔV yocheperako komanso nthawi yochepa yobwezeretsa nthawi zambiri imatanthauza ESR yocheperako komanso yankho lachangu la netiweki ya capacitor. Ogulitsa ena otsogola a capacitor (monga ymin) amapereka zolemba zatsatanetsatane za momwe mungakhazikitsire mayeso ndikutanthauzira deta, potero kuwerengera kusintha komwe kumabwera ndi ma capacitor a ESR otsika kwambiri monga mndandanda wa MPS.
II. Nkhani Zokhudza Kusamalira Kutentha Kwambiri Ponena za Kukhazikika kwa Mphamvu Yothamanga Kwambiri ndi Kutentha Kwambiri
Funso Lalikulu 2: Makina akagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, ma capacitor amatentha kwambiri, ndipo kutentha kwa mlengalenga kumakhala kokwera kwambiri. Ndikuda nkhawa kuti adzawonongeka pakapita nthawi. Kodi pali ma capacitor a 560μF omwe ali ndi mphamvu ya ripple current yomwe imatha kupirira kutentha mpaka 105℃? Kuchuluka kwake n'kofunika kwambiri.
Q6:
Funso: Pamene seva yathu ya AI ikugwira ntchito mokwanira, kutentha komwe kumayesedwa kwa dera la capacitor mu GPU power supply circuit kumafika pa 90°C. Kuwerengera kumasonyeza kufunika kwa ripple current ya pafupifupi 8.5A, koma ripple current yovomerezeka ya ma capacitor omwe alipo sikokwanira kwambiri kutentha kwambiri. Kodi tiyenera kutanthauzira bwanji ripple current mu datasheet posankha ma capacitor? Mwachitsanzo, pa capacitor yolembedwa kuti "10.2A @ 45°C", kodi current yake yeniyeni idzakhala ndi deti lotani pa kutentha kwa 85°C?
Yankho: Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya ripple current ndikofunikira kwambiri pakupanga kutentha kwambiri. Ma datasheet nthawi zambiri amapereka ma curve ochepetsa mphamvu ya ripple current. Potengera chitsanzo cha YMIN MPS, mphamvu yake ya ripple current ya 10.2A (@45°C) imakhalabe ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya ≥8.2A itatha kuchepetsa mphamvu ya 85°C, kuchepetsa kwa pafupifupi 20%, chifukwa cha kutayika kwake kochepa komanso kapangidwe kake kabwino kwambiri ka kutentha. Kusankha mtundu uwu wa capacitor kumatsimikizira kuti ntchito yake ndi yokhazikika m'malo otentha kwambiri.
Q7:
Funso: Tinachepetsa bwino kukwera kwa kutentha kwa capacitor powonjezera makulidwe a PCB copper foil kuchokera pa 1oz kufika pa 2oz, koma zotsatira zake sizinali monga momwe zinalili kale. Kwa ma capacitor omwe amafunika kupirira mafunde opitilira 10A, kupatula makulidwe a copper, ndi zinthu zina ziti zomwe zimapangitsa kuti PCB ipange zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kutentha kwawo komaliza? Kodi pali kapangidwe kamene kamalimbikitsidwa komanso kudzera mu malangizo opangira?
Yankho: Kapangidwe ka PCB n'kofunika kwambiri. Kuwonjezera pa kukhuthala pepala la mkuwa, ndikofunikanso kuonetsetsa kuti njira zamphamvu zafupikitsa komanso zotakata zikudutsa ndikuchepetsa kupondereza kwa loop. Pa ma capacitor amphamvu monga YMIN MPS series, tikukulimbikitsani kuyika ma thermal vias osiyanasiyana mozungulira ma capacitor pads (osati pansi pake) ndikulumikiza ku nthaka yamkati kuti kutentha kuthe. Potsatira malangizo awa, kuphatikiza ndi ESR yotsika ya 3mΩ ya capacitor, kukwera kwa kutentha kwachizolowezi kumatha kulamulidwa mkati mwa 15°C, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kudalirika kukhale kopindulitsa kwambiri.
Q8:
Funso: Mu VRM ya magawo ambiri, ngakhale ndi malo ofanana a capacitor, kutentha kwa capacitor pakati kumakhalabe kokwera ndi 5-8°C kuposa m'mbali, zomwe zitha kukhala chifukwa cha mpweya woyenda komanso kusalinganika kwa kapangidwe kake. Pankhaniyi, kodi pali njira zilizonse zokonzera capacitor kapena njira zosankhidwira kuti zigwirizane ndi kutentha kwa gawo lililonse? Yankho: Ili ndi vuto lachizolowezi la kutayika kwa kutentha kosagwirizana. Njira imodzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma capacitor okhala ndi ma ripple current ratings apamwamba mu gawo lapakati kapena malo otentha, kapena kulumikiza ma capacitor awiri motsatizana pamalo amenewo kuti agawire kutentha. Mwachitsanzo, chitsanzo chapadera cha high-Irip kuchokera ku mndandanda wa YMIN MPS chingasankhidwe kuti chikhale cholimba popanda kusintha mphamvu yonse ya capacitor, motero kukonza kugawa kwa kutentha kwa dongosololi popanda kupanga mopitirira muyeso.
Q9:
Funso: Mu mayeso athu okhazikika pa kutentha kwambiri, tapeza kuti mphamvu ya ma capacitor ena ikuwonetsa kuwonongeka koyezeka ndi kutentha kowonjezereka komanso kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali (monga kuwonongeka kopitilira 10% pa 105°C). Pamagetsi a seva ya AI omwe amafunikira kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali, kodi mawonekedwe a capacitance-temperature ndi kukhazikika kwa capacitance kwa nthawi yayitali kwa ma capacitor ayenera kuganiziridwa bwanji? Ndi mtundu uti wa capacitor womwe umagwira ntchito bwino pankhaniyi?
Yankho: Kukhazikika kwa mphamvu ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha kudalirika kwa nthawi yayitali. Ma capacitor a polymer olimba, makamaka mitundu ya multilayer yogwira ntchito kwambiri, ali ndi ubwino wofunikira pankhaniyi. Mwachitsanzo, mndandanda wa MPS wa ymin umagwiritsa ntchito electrolyte yapadera ya polymer, yomwe kusintha kwa mphamvu yake kumatha kulamulidwa mkati mwa ± 10% kudutsa kutentha konse (-55℃ mpaka 105℃). Kuphatikiza apo, patatha maola 2000 akugwira ntchito mosalekeza pa 105°C, kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepera 5%, kuposa ma capacitor wamba amadzimadzi kapena olimba.
Q10:
Funso: Kuti tiwongolere kukwera kwa kutentha kwa capacitor pamlingo wa dongosolo, tikukonzekera kuyambitsa kuyeserera kwa kutentha. Ndi magawo otani ofunikira (monga, Rth yokana kutentha) omwe tifunika kupeza kuchokera kwa wogulitsa kuti tipange chitsanzo cholondola cha kutentha kwa capacitor? Kodi magawo awa nthawi zambiri amayesedwa bwanji, ndipo kodi amaperekedwa monga muyezo mu datasheet?
Yankho: Kuyerekeza kolondola kwa kutentha kumafuna gawo la capacitor lolumikizana ndi kutentha (Rth-ja). Opanga ma capacitor odziwika bwino adzapereka izi. Mwachitsanzo, ymin imapereka magawo otsutsana ndi kutentha kutengera mikhalidwe yoyesera ya JESD51 ya ma capacitor ake a MPS, ndipo ikhoza kuphatikiza ma curve ofotokozera kukwera kwa kutentha kwa mapangidwe osiyanasiyana a PCB. Izi zimathandiza kwambiri mainjiniya kulosera ndikukonza magwiridwe antchito a kutentha kwa dongosolo kumayambiriro kwa kapangidwe.
III. Nkhani Zotsimikizira Zokhudza Moyo Wautali ndi Kudalirika Kwambiri
Funso Lalikulu 3: Zipangizo zathu zapangidwa kuti zikhale ndi moyo wa zaka zoposa 5, koma ma capacitor omwe alipo pano akuyerekezeredwa kuti adzagwira ntchito bwino mkati mwa zaka 3. Kodi pali ma capacitor olimba omwe amakhala ndi moyo wautali omwe angatsimikizire maola opitilira 2000 pa 105°C?
Q11:
Funso: Seva yathu ya AI idapangidwa kuti igwire ntchito kwa zaka 5 mosalekeza. Poganizira kutentha kwa chipinda cha seva kwa 35°C, kutentha kwa capacitor core kukuyembekezeka kukhala pafupifupi 85°C. Kodi zotsatira za mayeso a moyo wa "maola 2000 @ 105°C" zomwe zimapezeka m'mafotokozedwe ziyenera kusinthidwa bwanji kukhala moyo woyembekezeredwa pansi pa mikhalidwe yeniyeni yogwirira ntchito? Kodi pali mitundu yovomerezeka ya acceleration ndi ma formula owerengera?
Yankho: Mtundu wa Arrhenius nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito posintha moyo wa munthu; pa kutentha kulikonse kwa 10°C, moyo wa munthu umawirikiza kawiri. Komabe, kuwerengera kwenikweni kuyeneranso kuganizira za kupsinjika kwa ripple current. Ogulitsa ena amapereka zida zowerengera moyo wa munthu pa intaneti. Potengera mndandanda wa YMIN MPS mwachitsanzo, mayeso ake a maola 2000 @105°C adachitika pansi pa mikhalidwe yonse yonyamula katundu. Adasinthidwa kukhala 85°C ndipo poganizira kupsinjika kwenikweni kwa ntchito atasiya kugwira ntchito, moyo wake woyerekeza umaposa kwambiri zomwe zimafunika pazaka 5, ndipo kuwerengera kwatsatanetsatane kumaperekedwa.
Q12:
Funso: Mu mayeso athu oyambira okalamba otentha kwambiri omwe tidadzipangira tokha, tapeza kuti ma capacitor ena adakumana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ESR kopitilira 30% patatha maola 1500. Kwa ma capacitor omwe amakhala ndi moyo wautali, ndi deta iti yofunika kwambiri yowononga magwiridwe antchito (monga kuwonjezeka kwa ESR ndi kusintha kwa capacitance) yomwe iyenera kuphatikizidwa mu lipoti loyesa moyo? Ndi mtundu wanji wa kuwonongeka womwe ungaganizidwe kuti ndi wovomerezeka?
Yankho: Lipoti loyesa moyo wathunthu liyenera kulemba momveka bwino momwe mayeso amachitikira (kutentha, magetsi, mphamvu ya ripple) komanso kusintha kwa ESR ndi capacitance nthawi ndi nthawi. Pa ntchito zapamwamba, nthawi zambiri pamafunika kuti patatha maola 2000 a mayeso okwera kwambiri, kuwonjezeka kwa ESR kusapitirire 10%, ndipo kuchepa kwa capacitance sikuyenera kupitirira 5%. Mwachitsanzo, lipoti lovomerezeka la mayeso a moyo wa YMIN MPS limagwiritsa ntchito muyezo uwu, kupereka deta yowonekera bwino ndikuwonetsa kukhazikika kwake pansi pa mikhalidwe yovuta.
Q13:
Funso: Ma seva amafuna mayeso osiyanasiyana a kugwedezeka kwa makina. Takumana ndi mavuto ndi ming'alu yaying'ono yomwe imawonekera pa malo olumikizirana a capacitor pin solder chifukwa cha kugwedezeka. Posankha ma capacitor, ndi mapangidwe ati a makina kapena ziphaso zoyesera zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti ziwongolere kukana kugwedezeka?
Yankho: Yang'anani ngati capacitor yapambana mayeso a kugwedezeka motsatira miyezo monga IEC 60068-2-6. Mwa kapangidwe kake, ma capacitor okhala ndi pansi podzazidwa ndi utomoni ndi mapangidwe a pini yolimbikitsidwa amapereka kukana kwabwino kwa kugwedezeka. Mwachitsanzo, mndandanda wa MPS wa ymin umagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kolimbikitsidwa kameneka ndipo wapambana mayeso okhwima a kugwedezeka, kuonetsetsa kuti kulumikizana kuli kodalirika panthawi yotumiza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito seva.
Q14:
Funso: Tikufuna kupanga chitsanzo cholondola kwambiri cholosera kudalirika kwa capacitor, chomwe chimafuna deta yogawa kuchuluka kwa kulephera (monga mawonekedwe ndi sikelo ya kugawa kwa Weibull). Kodi opanga ma capacitor nthawi zambiri amapereka deta yodalirikayi kwa makasitomala?
Yankho: Inde, opanga otsogola amapereka deta yozama yodalirika. Mwachitsanzo, Ymin ikhoza kupereka malipoti ake a MPS kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa kulephera (FIT), magawo ogawa a Weibull, ndi ziwerengero za moyo wonse pamlingo wosiyana wa chidaliro. Deta iyi, yochokera pa mayeso okhazikika, imathandiza makasitomala kuchita kuwunika kolondola kwambiri kwa kudalirika kwa dongosolo ndi kulosera.
Q15:
Funso: Kuti tiwongolere kuchuluka kwa kulephera koyambirira, tawonjezera gawo lowunikira ukalamba lomwe lili ndi kutentha kwambiri pakuwunika kwathu kwa zinthu zomwe zikubwera. Kodi opanga ma capacitor amachita kafukufuku wa kulephera koyambirira 100% asanatumizidwe? Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimawonedwa kawirikawiri, ndipo izi ndizofunikira bwanji pakutsimikizira kudalirika kwa gulu?
Yankho: Opanga makina apamwamba odalirika amachita kafukufuku wa 100% asanatumizidwe. Nthawi zambiri, mayesowa amatha kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi yovomerezeka ndi mphamvu ya ripple pa kutentha kopitilira kutentha komwe kumayesedwa (monga 125°C) kwa maola opitilira 24. Njira yovutayi imachotsa bwino zinthu zomwe zalephera msanga, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zatuluka kukhala zochepa kwambiri (monga <10ppm). Ymin imagwiritsa ntchito kafukufukuyu wokhwima pa mndandanda wake wa MPS, kupatsa makasitomala chitsimikizo cha "zopanda cholakwika".
IV. Ponena za Kusankha kwa Ma Capacitors Ena Ogwira Ntchito Mwapamwamba
Funso Lalikulu 4: Mndandanda wa Panasonic GX womwe tikugwiritsa ntchito pakadali pano uli ndi nthawi yayitali yotsogolera / mtengo wokwera, ndipo tikufunika mwachangu njira ina yapakhomo. Kodi pali ma capacitor a 2.5V 560μF omwe ali ndi ESR yofanana, ripple current, komanso moyo wautali? Chabwino, cholowa m'malo mwachindunji.
Q16:
Funso: Chifukwa cha zovuta za unyolo woperekera zinthu, tifunika kupeza capacitor yopangidwa mdziko muno yogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kuti ilowe m'malo mwa capacitor ya 560μF/2.5V kuchokera ku kampani yayikulu yaku Japan yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga kwathu. Kupatula capacitance yoyambira, voltage, ESR, ndi miyeso, ndi magawo ati a magwiridwe antchito ndi ma curve omwe ayenera kuyerekezedwa panthawi yotsimikizira kusintha kwachindunji?
Yankho: Kuyerekeza mozama ndikofunikira kwambiri. Izi ziyenera kuyerekezeredwa: 1) Ma curve a impedance-frequency current (kuyambira 100Hz mpaka 10MHz) kuti zitsimikizire kuti ma curve apamwamba ndi ofanana; 2) Ma curve ochepetsa kutentha kwa Ripple; 3) Deta yoyesera nthawi ya moyo ndi ma curve owonongeka. Njira ina yoyenerera, monga YMIN MPS series, ipereka lipoti lofananiza mwatsatanetsatane lomwe likuwonetsa kuti lili pamlingo womwewo kapena wabwino kuposa mpikisano woyambirira waku Japan mu magawo ofunikira omwe ali pamwambapa, motero kupeza m'malo enieni a "plug-and-play".
Q17:
Funso: Pambuyo posintha bwino ma capacitor, magwiridwe antchito a dongosololi adakwaniritsa zofunikira, koma kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa phokoso la ripple kudawonedwa mumagetsi osinthira pama frequency enaake (monga, 1.2MHz). Kodi chingakhale chiyani chomwe chimayambitsa izi? Popanda kusintha topology yayikulu, ndi njira ziti zosinthira bwino zomwe nthawi zambiri zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti izi zitheke bwino?
Yankho: Izi mwina zimachitika chifukwa cha kusiyana pang'ono kwa makhalidwe a impedance pakati pa ma capacitor akale ndi atsopano pama frequency apamwamba kwambiri. Njira zowongolera zimaphatikizapo: kulumikiza capacitor ya ceramic yamtengo wapatali, yotsika mtengo ya ESL motsatizana ndi capacitor yayikulu yomwe ilipo kuti ikwaniritse kusefa pafupipafupi; kapena kukonza bwino ma frequency osinthira. Ogulitsa ma capacitor odziwika bwino (monga ymin) adzapereka chithandizo cha ntchito pazinthu zawo (monga mndandanda wa MPS), kuphatikiza malingaliro enieni owongolera fyuluta yotulutsa.
Q18:
Funso: Zogulitsa zathu zimagulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi ndipo zili ndi malamulo okhwima okhudza chilengedwe (monga RoHS 2.0, REACH). Pofufuza ogulitsa ma capacitor atsopano, ndi zikalata ziti zotsatizana zomwe ziyenera kupemphedwa?
Yankho: Ogulitsa ayenera kupereka lipoti laposachedwa la mayeso a RoHS/REACH loperekedwa ndi bungwe lachitatu lovomerezeka (monga SGS), komanso fomu yonse yolengeza zinthu. Zikalatazi ziyenera kulemba momveka bwino zotsatira za mayeso a zinthu zonse zoletsedwa. Ogulitsa okhazikika, monga Ymin, angapereke zikalata zonse zotsatizana ndi chilengedwe zomwe zimakwaniritsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi yazinthu monga mndandanda wa MPS, kuonetsetsa kuti makasitomala alowa bwino pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi.
Q19:
Funso: Kuti tichepetse zoopsa za unyolo wogulira zinthu, tikukonzekera kuyambitsa wogulitsa wina. Kodi zinthu za capacitor za wogulitsa watsopanoyu zili ndi maphunziro okhwima okhudza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu m'ma seva akuluakulu a AI kapena zida za malo osungira deta? Kodi angapereke malipoti otsimikizira kapena deta ya magwiridwe antchito kuchokera kwa makasitomala omaliza ngati chitsogozo?
Yankho: Iyi ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri pochepetsa chiopsezo choyambitsidwa. Wogulitsa wodalirika ayenera kukhala ndi mwayi wopereka zitsanzo za momwe makasitomala ambiri amagwiritsidwira ntchito kapena mapulojekiti oyesera. Mwachitsanzo, Ymin ikhoza kupereka malipoti aukadaulo kapena satifiketi yovomerezeka ndi makasitomala yowonetsa kutsimikizika kwa kudalirika kwa nthawi yayitali (monga maola 2000 a katundu wodzaza kutentha kwambiri, kuzungulira kutentha, ndi zina zotero) kwa ma capacitor ake a MPS mndandanda m'mapulojekiti a seva a AI a opanga ma seva ambiri otsogola, omwe amachirikiza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito ake ndi kudalirika kwa malonda ake.
Q20:
Funso: Poganizira nthawi ya polojekiti ndi ndalama zomwe zili m'sitolo, tifunika kuwunika chitsimikizo cha mphamvu ndi kukhazikika kwa ogulitsa atsopano a capacitor. Ndi mfundo ziti zofunika zomwe tiyenera kusonkhanitsa kuchokera kwa ogulitsa panthawi yoyamba yolumikizana kuti tiwone momwe alili ndi mphamvu zogulira zinthu?
Yankho: Tiyenera kuganizira kwambiri za kumvetsetsa: 1) Kuchuluka kwa mwezi uliwonse/pachaka kwa mndandanda wogwirizana wa zinthu; 2) Nthawi yoperekera zinthu yomwe ilipo pano; 3) Kaya zimathandiza kuneneratu kopitilira komanso mapangano opereka zinthu kwa nthawi yayitali; 4) Zitsanzo ndi mfundo zocheperako za kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zayikidwa. Mwachitsanzo, ymin nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira, nthawi yotumizira yodziwikiratu (monga masabata 8-10) pazinthu zofunika monga mndandanda wa MPS, ndipo imatha kupereka chithandizo chosinthasintha cha zitsanzo ndi mawu amalonda kuti ikwaniritse zosowa za chitukuko cha polojekiti ya makasitomala ndi kupanga zinthu zambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-03-2026