Mipata yamagetsi yocheperako ya mulingo wa Millisecond mu ma BBU a seva ya AI: Nchifukwa chiyani "hybrid supercapacitor (LIC) + BBU" ndi yoyenera kwambiri?

Ma raki a seva ya AI amakumana ndi kukwera kwa mphamvu kwa millisecond (nthawi zambiri 1–50 ms) komanso kutsika kwa mphamvu ya DC bus panthawi yosinthana mwachangu pakati pa maphunziro ndi katundu woyerekeza. NVIDIA, mu kapangidwe kake ka GB300 NVL72 power rack, imatchula kuti power rack yake imaphatikiza zigawo zosungira mphamvu ndipo imagwira ntchito ndi chowongolera kuti ikwaniritse kusalala kwa mphamvu kwachangu kwa rack (onani reference [1]).

Mu ntchito za uinjiniya, kugwiritsa ntchito "hybrid supercapacitor (LIC) + BBU (Battery Backup Unit)" kupanga gawo lapafupi la buffer kungathetse "transient response" ndi "short-term backup power": LIC imayang'anira kubweza kwa millisecond level, ndipo BBU imayang'anira kutenga kwachiwiri mpaka mphindi. Nkhaniyi ikupereka njira yosankhira yobwerezabwereza kwa mainjiniya, mndandanda wa zizindikiro zazikulu, ndi zinthu zotsimikizira. Potengera YMIN SLF 4.0V 4500F (single-unit ESR≤0.8mΩ, continuous discharge current 200A, magawo ayenera kunena za pepala lofotokozera [3]) mwachitsanzo, limapereka malingaliro osinthira ndi chithandizo chofananiza deta.

Zipangizo zamagetsi za BBU zokwezera pa raki zikusuntha "kukonza mphamvu kwa kanthawi kochepa" pafupi ndi katundu.

Pamene mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa rack imodzi ikufika pamlingo wa ma kilowatts mazana ambiri, ntchito za AI zingayambitse kukwera kwa magetsi pakapita nthawi yochepa. Ngati kutsika kwa magetsi a basi kupitirira malire a dongosolo, kungayambitse chitetezo cha mamaboard, zolakwika za GPU, kapena kuyambiranso. Pofuna kuchepetsa zotsatirapo zazikulu pamagetsi apamwamba komanso gridi, mainjiniya ena akuyambitsa njira zowongolera mphamvu mkati mwa rack yamagetsi, zomwe zimalola kuti kukwera kwa magetsi "kuyamwa ndikutulutsidwa m'deralo" mkati mwa rack. Uthenga waukulu wa kapangidwe kameneka ndi wakuti: mavuto osakhalitsa ayenera kuthetsedwa kaye pamalo omwe ali pafupi ndi katundu.

Mu ma seva okhala ndi ma GPU amphamvu kwambiri (ma kilowatt-level) monga NVIDIA GB200/GB300, vuto lalikulu lomwe makina amphamvu akukumana nalo lasintha kuchoka pa mphamvu yosungira yachikhalidwe kupita ku mphamvu yosinthira yamagetsi pa millisecond ndi mazana a kilowatt. Mayankho amagetsi osungira achikhalidwe a BBU, omwe amayang'ana kwambiri mabatire a lead-acid, amavutika ndi zovuta pakuyankha mwachangu komanso kuchuluka kwa mphamvu chifukwa cha kuchedwa kwa zochita za mankhwala, kukana kwakukulu kwamkati, komanso kuthekera kochepa kolandirira mphamvu. Zolepheretsa izi zakhala zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimalepheretsa kusintha kwa mphamvu ya kompyuta ya single-rack komanso kudalirika kwa makina.

Gome 1: Chithunzi chojambulidwa cha malo a njira yosungira mphamvu yosakanikirana ya magawo atatu mu rack BBU (chithunzi cha tebulo)

Kusintha kwa Zomangamanga

Kuchokera ku “Battery Backup” kupita ku “Three-Tier Hybrid Energy Storage Mode”

Ma BBU akale amadalira kwambiri mabatire kuti asunge mphamvu. Poyang'anizana ndi kusowa kwa mphamvu kwa millisecond, mabatire, omwe amachepetsedwa ndi chemical reaction kinetics ndi kukana kofanana kwamkati, nthawi zambiri amayankha mofulumira kuposa kusungira mphamvu kochokera ku capacitor. Chifukwa chake, mayankho a rack-side ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosiyana: "LIC (yosakhalitsa) + BBU (yaifupi) + UPS/HVDC (yaitali)":

LIC yolumikizidwa motsatizana pafupi ndi DC Bus: imagwira ntchito yolipirira mphamvu ya millisecond ndi chithandizo cha voltage (charging ndi discharge yamphamvu kwambiri).

BBU (batri kapena malo ena osungira mphamvu): imagwirira ntchito yotengera mphamvu kuchokera pa mphindi imodzi mpaka ziwiri (dongosolo lopangidwira nthawi yosunga zinthu).

UPS/HVDC yomwe ili pakati pa data: imagwira ntchito yopereka magetsi nthawi yayitali komanso yowongolera mbali ya gridi.

Gawoli la ntchito limagawanitsa "zosintha mwachangu" ndi "zosintha pang'onopang'ono": kukhazikika kwa basi pomwe kumachepetsa kupsinjika kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kupsinjika kosamalira pamagetsi osungira magetsi.

Kusanthula Mozama: Chifukwa Chake YMINMa Hybrid Supercapacitors?

Chojambulira chapamwamba cha ymin chotchedwa LIC (Lithium-ion Capacitor) chimaphatikiza mphamvu zambiri za ma capacitor ndi mphamvu zambiri za dongosolo la electrochemical. Muzochitika zolipirira kwakanthawi, chinsinsi chopirira katundu ndi: kutulutsa mphamvu yofunikira mkati mwa cholinga cha Δt, ndikupereka mphamvu yayikulu yokwanira mkati mwa kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwa kutentha ndi kutsika kwa voltage.

Mphamvu Yotulutsa Yaikulu: Pamene GPU ikusintha mwadzidzidzi kapena gridi yamagetsi ikasinthasintha, mabatire achikhalidwe a lead-acid, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya mankhwala komanso kukana kwakukulu kwamkati, amakumana ndi kuwonongeka mwachangu kwa mphamvu yawo yolandirira mphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asathe kuyankha mu ma millisecond. Hybrid supercapacitor imatha kumaliza kulipira nthawi yomweyo mkati mwa 1-50ms, kutsatiridwa ndi mphamvu yosungira mphindi imodzi kuchokera ku magetsi osungira a BBU, kuonetsetsa kuti magetsi a basi ndi okhazikika komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha kugwa kwa mamaboard ndi GPU.

Kukonza Mphamvu ya Volume ndi Kulemera: Poyerekeza "mphamvu yofanana yomwe ilipo (yomwe imatsimikiziridwa ndi zenera la V_hi→V_lo voltage) + zenera lofanana la transient (Δt)," yankho la LIC buffer layer nthawi zambiri limachepetsa volume ndi kulemera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi batri yachikhalidwe (kuchepetsa volume pafupifupi 50%–70%, kuchepetsa kulemera pafupifupi 50%–60%, mitengo yanthawi zonse siipezeka pagulu ndipo imafuna kutsimikizira polojekiti), kumasula malo osungiramo zinthu ndi zinthu zoyendera mpweya. (Chiwerengero chenicheni chimadalira zomwe zafotokozedwa, zigawo za kapangidwe kake, ndi njira zochotsera kutentha kwa chinthu choyerekeza; kutsimikizira kwapadera kwa polojekiti kumalimbikitsidwa.)

Kukonza Liwiro Lochaja: LIC ili ndi mphamvu zochaja komanso kutulutsa mphamvu zambiri, ndipo liwiro lake lochaja nthawi zambiri limakhala lalikulu kuposa la mayankho a batri (kukweza liwiro kopitilira kasanu, kukwaniritsa kuchaja mwachangu kwa mphindi khumi; gwero: hybrid supercapacitor poyerekeza ndi mtengo wamba wa batri ya lead-acid). Nthawi yochaja imatsimikiziridwa ndi malire a mphamvu ya dongosolo, njira yochaja, ndi kapangidwe ka kutentha. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito "nthawi yofunikira kuti muchajanso mphamvu ku V_hi" ngati muyeso wovomerezeka, kuphatikiza ndi kuwunika kobwerezabwereza kwa kutentha kwa pulse.

Moyo wautali wa nthawi yozungulira: LIC nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi moyo wautali wa nthawi yozungulira komanso zosowa zochepa zosamalira pansi pa mphamvu zambiri komanso zotulutsa mphamvu (nthawi yozungulira 1 miliyoni, zaka zoposa 6 za moyo, pafupifupi nthawi 200 kuposa mabatire achikhalidwe a lead-acid; gwero: Ma Hybrid supercapacitors poyerekeza ndi mabatire wamba a lead-acid). Moyo wa nthawi yozungulira ndi malire okwera kutentha zimatengera zomwe zafotokozedwa komanso mikhalidwe yoyesera. Kuchokera pakuwona kwathunthu kwa moyo, izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, kukonza ndi kulephera.

Chithunzi 2: Ndondomeko ya Makina Osungira Mphamvu Zosakanikirana:

Batire ya Lithium-ion (mlingo wa mphindi yachiwiri) + Lithium-ion Capacitor LIC (buffer ya mulingo wa millisecond)

Kutengera kapangidwe kake ka NVIDIA GB300 ka Musashi CCP3300SC (3.8V 3000F), kali ndi mphamvu zambiri, mphamvu zambiri, komanso mphamvu zambiri m'mafotokozedwe ake omwe amapezeka pagulu: mphamvu yogwirira ntchito ya 4.0V ndi mphamvu ya 4500F, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yosungira mphamvu ya selo limodzi ikhale yokwera komanso mphamvu zotetezera mkati mwa kukula komweko kwa module, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale yankho losasinthika la millisecond.

Magawo ofunikira a YMIN SLF series hybrid supercapacitors:

Voltage Yoyesedwa: 4.0V; Mphamvu Yodziwika: 4500F

Kukana kwa Mkati mwa DC/ESR: ≤0.8mΩ

Kutulutsa Kosalekeza Kwamakono: 200A

Mtundu wa Voltage Yogwira Ntchito: 4.0–2.5V

Pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la YMIN la hybrid supercapacitor-based BBU local buffer, lingapereke ndalama zambiri ku DC bus mkati mwa zenera la millisecond, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti voltage ya basi ikhale yolimba. Poyerekeza ndi mayankho ena omwe ali ndi mphamvu zomwezo komanso zenera losatha, buffer layer nthawi zambiri imachepetsa malo okhala ndikumasula zinthu zina zosungiramo. Ndi yoyeneranso kwambiri pakuchaja ndi kutulutsa mphamvu pafupipafupi komanso zofunikira pakubwezeretsa mwachangu, kuchepetsa kupsinjika kosamalira. Kuchita bwino kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa kutengera zomwe zafotokozedwa pa projekitiyi.

Buku Lotsogolera Kusankha: Kufananiza Molondola ndi Zochitika

Poyang'anizana ndi mavuto aakulu a mphamvu ya makompyuta ya AI, kupanga zinthu zatsopano mu makina opangira magetsi ndikofunikira kwambiri.YMIN's SLF 4.0V 4500F hybrid supercapacitor, ndi ukadaulo wake wolimba, imapereka yankho la BBU buffer layer lopangidwa mdziko muno logwira ntchito bwino komanso lodalirika, lomwe limapereka chithandizo chachikulu cha kusintha kosalekeza, kogwira mtima, komanso kolimba kwa malo osungira deta a AI.

Ngati mukufuna zambiri zaukadaulo, titha kupereka: ma datasheet, deta yoyesera, matebulo osankha mapulogalamu, zitsanzo, ndi zina zotero. Chonde perekaninso zambiri zofunika monga: voltage ya basi, ΔP/Δt, kukula kwa malo, kutentha kwa malo, ndi kufotokozera kwa moyo kuti titha kupereka malangizo okonza mwachangu.

Gawo la Mafunso ndi Mayankho

Q: Kuchuluka kwa GPU kwa seva ya AI kumatha kukwera ndi 150% mkati mwa ma millisecond, ndipo mabatire achikhalidwe a lead-acid sangapitirire. Kodi nthawi yeniyeni yoyankhira ya YMIN lithium-ion supercapacitors ndi iti, ndipo mumapeza bwanji thandizo lachangu ili?

A: YMIN hybrid supercapacitors (SLF 4.0V 4500F) imadalira mfundo zosungira mphamvu zakuthupi ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa kwambiri mkati (≤0.8mΩ), zomwe zimathandiza kutulutsa mphamvu mwachangu pamlingo wa 1-50 millisecond. Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa GPU kukapangitsa kuti magetsi a DC agwe kwambiri, imatha kutulutsa mphamvu yayikulu popanda kuchedwa, zomwe zimalipira mphamvu ya basi mwachindunji, motero zimapatsa nthawi kuti magetsi a BBU abwerere m'mbuyo ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito, kuonetsetsa kuti magetsi akuyenda bwino komanso kupewa zolakwika zamakompyuta kapena kuwonongeka kwa zida chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magetsi.

Chidule cha nkhaniyi kumapeto kwa nkhaniyi

Zochitika Zoyenera: Zoyenera ma BBU a AI server rack-level (Backup Power Units) m'malo omwe DC bus ikukumana ndi ma transient power surges/voltage drops a millisecond; zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa "hybrid supercapacitor + BBU" local buffer architecture kuti zikhazikitse voltage ya basi komanso kubweza transiently pansi pa nthawi yochepa yamagetsi, kusinthasintha kwa grid, ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa GPU load.

Ubwino Waukulu: Kuyankha mwachangu kwa Millisecond (kulipira mawindo osakhalitsa a 1-50ms); kukana pang'ono kwamkati/mphamvu yamagetsi yapamwamba, kukonza kukhazikika kwa magetsi a basi ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo choyambiranso mosayembekezereka; imathandizira kuyitanitsa ndi kutulutsa mphamvu mwachangu komanso kuyitanitsa mphamvu mwachangu, kuchepetsa nthawi yobwezeretsa mphamvu; yoyenera kwambiri pakuyitanitsa ndi kutulutsa mphamvu pafupipafupi poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe za batri, kuthandiza kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa ntchito yokonza ndi ndalama zonse zogwirira ntchito.

Chitsanzo Chovomerezeka: YMIN Square Hybrid Supercapacitor SLF 4.0V 4500F

Deta (Zofotokozera/Malipoti Oyesa/Zitsanzo) Kupeza:

Webusaiti Yovomerezeka: www.ymin.com
Nambala Yothandizira Zaukadaulo: 021-33617848

Maumboni (Magwero a Anthu Onse)

[1] NVIDIA Official Public Information/Technical Blog: Chiyambi cha GB300 NVL72 (Power Shelf) Rack-Level Transient Smoothing/Energy Storage

[2] Malipoti a Boma ochokera ku Atolankhani/Mabungwe monga TrendForce: GB200/GB300 Mapulogalamu Ogwirizana a LIC ndi Zambiri Zokhudza Unyolo Wogulira

[3] Shanghai YMIN Electronics imapereka "SLF 4.0V 4500F Hybrid Supercapacitor Specifications"