Kusungirako mphamvu mu ma capacitors: kusanthula kwa chonyamulira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi
Monga chinthu chachikulu chosungiramo mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi, ma capacitor amasunga mphamvu ngati mphamvu yamagetsi. Pamene mbale ziwiri za capacitor zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi gwero la mphamvu, milandu yabwino ndi yolakwika imasonkhana pa mbale ziwiri pansi pa zochita za mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi, kupanga kusiyana komwe kungatheke ndikukhazikitsa gawo lamagetsi lokhazikika mu dielectric pakati pa mbale. Njirayi ikutsatira lamulo la kusunga mphamvu. Kusonkhanitsa ndalama kumafuna ntchito kuti igonjetse mphamvu yamagetsi, ndipo pamapeto pake imasunga mphamvu monga gawo lamagetsi. Mphamvu yosungirako mphamvu ya capacitor imatha kuwerengedwa ndi formula E = 21 CV2, pomwe C ndi capacitance ndi V ndi voteji pakati pa mbale.
Makhalidwe amphamvu amphamvu yamagetsi
Mosiyana ndi mabatire achikhalidwe omwe amadalira mphamvu zamagetsi, kusungirako mphamvu kwa ma capacitors kumatengera zochita za minda yamagetsi yakuthupi. Mwachitsanzo, electrolyticcapacitorssungani mphamvu kudzera mu mphamvu ya polarization ya filimu ya okusayidi pakati pa mbale ndi electrolyte, yomwe ili yoyenera pazochitika zomwe zimafuna kulipira ndi kutulutsa mofulumira, monga kusefa mphamvu. Ma Supercapacitors (monga ma capacitor awiri osanjikiza) amapanga mawonekedwe osanjikiza awiri kudzera mu mawonekedwe apakati pa activated carbon electrode ndi electrolyte, kuwongolera kwambiri kachulukidwe kosungirako mphamvu. Mfundo zake zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri:
Kusungirako mphamvu kowirikiza kawiri: Malipiro amatsatiridwa pa electrode pamwamba ndi magetsi osasunthika, osasunthika ndi mankhwala, ndipo amakhala ndi liwiro lothamanga kwambiri komanso kutulutsa.
Faraday pseudocapacitor: Imagwiritsa ntchito ma redox ofulumira azinthu monga ruthenium oxide kusunga ma charger, okhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kamphamvu komanso kachulukidwe kamphamvu kwambiri.
Kusiyanasiyana kwa kutulutsa mphamvu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito
Pamene capacitor imatulutsa mphamvu, gawo lamagetsi limatha kusinthidwa mwachangu kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi kuti lithandizire kuyankha kwanthawi yayitali. Mwachitsanzo, mu ma inverters a solar, ma capacitor amachepetsa kusinthasintha kwamagetsi ndikuwongolera kusinthika kwamphamvu pogwiritsa ntchito kusefa ndi kuphatikizira; mu machitidwe a mphamvu,capacitorsonjezerani kukhazikika kwa gridi polipira mphamvu zogwiritsa ntchito. Ma Supercapacitor amagwiritsidwa ntchito powonjezera mphamvu pompopompo komanso kusinthasintha pafupipafupi kwamagetsi pamagalimoto amagetsi chifukwa chakuyankha kwawo kwa millisecond.
Future Outlook
Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi yazinthu (monga ma electrode a graphene), kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zama capacitor kukukulirakulira, ndipo mawonekedwe awo akuchulukirachulukira kuchokera pazida zamagetsi zachikhalidwe kupita kumadera otsogola monga kusungirako mphamvu zatsopano ndi ma gridi anzeru. Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera mphamvu zamagetsi sikungolimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, komanso kwakhala gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakusintha mphamvu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-13-2025