Mawu Oyamba
Ukadaulo wamagetsi ndiye mwala wapangodya wa zida zamakono zamakono, ndipo ukadaulo ukupita patsogolo, kufunikira kwa magwiridwe antchito amagetsi akupitilira kukwera. Munkhaniyi, kusankha kwa zida za semiconductor kumakhala kofunikira. Ngakhale ma semiconductors amtundu wa silicon (Si) amagwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri, zida zomwe zikutuluka monga Gallium Nitride (GaN) ndi Silicon Carbide (SiC) zikuchulukirachulukira muukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mphamvu. Nkhaniyi iwona kusiyana pakati pa zida zitatuzi muukadaulo wamagetsi, momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, komanso momwe msika ukuyendera kuti timvetsetse chifukwa chomwe GaN ndi SiC zikukhala zofunikira pamakina amagetsi amtsogolo.
1. Silicon (Si) - The Traditional Power Semiconductor Material
1.1 Makhalidwe ndi Ubwino wake
Silicon ndiye chinthu chochita upainiya pagawo lamagetsi lamagetsi, ndikugwiritsa ntchito zaka makumi ambiri pamakampani opanga zamagetsi. Zipangizo zokhala ndi Si-based zimakhala ndi njira zopangira zokhwima komanso zogwiritsa ntchito zambiri, zopatsa zabwino monga zotsika mtengo komanso njira zogulitsira zokhazikika. Zipangizo za silicon zimawonetsa kuyendetsa bwino kwa magetsi, kuzipangitsa kukhala zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zamagetsi zamagetsi zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira pamagetsi otsika kwambiri mpaka kumafakitale apamwamba kwambiri.
1.2 Zolepheretsa
Komabe, kufunikira kwa magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso magwiridwe antchito amagetsi kumakulirakulira, zoperewera za zida za silicon zimawonekera. Choyamba, silicon imagwira ntchito bwino pamayendedwe apamwamba komanso kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ziwonjezeke ndikuchepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, kutsika kwamafuta kwa silicon kumapangitsa kuti kasamalidwe kamafuta kakhale kovuta pamapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri, kumakhudza kudalirika kwadongosolo komanso moyo wautali.
1.3 Magawo Ogwiritsa Ntchito
Ngakhale pali zovuta izi, zida za silicon zimakhalabe zotsogola m'machitidwe ambiri achikhalidwe, makamaka pamagetsi ogula ogula komanso otsika mpaka pakati pamagetsi monga ma AC-DC converters, DC-DC converters, zida zapakhomo, ndi zida zamakompyuta.
2. Gallium Nitride (GaN) - Zomwe Zikuwonekera Kwambiri
2.1 Makhalidwe ndi Ubwino wake
Gallium Nitride ndi gulu lalikulusemiconductorzinthu zodziwika ndi gawo losweka kwambiri, kusuntha kwa ma elekitironi apamwamba, komanso kutsika kolimba. Poyerekeza ndi silicon, zida za GaN zimatha kugwira ntchito pama frequency apamwamba, kuchepetsa kwambiri kukula kwa zida zamagetsi zamagetsi ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, zida za GaN zitha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamakina amagetsi chifukwa cha kutsika kwawo komanso kutayika kwakusintha, makamaka pamagetsi apakatikati mpaka otsika, kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi kwambiri.
2.2 Zochepa
Ngakhale kuti GaN ali ndi ubwino wambiri wogwira ntchito, ndalama zake zopangira zinthu zimakhalabe zapamwamba, zomwe zimalepheretsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwapamwamba kwambiri komwe kumagwira ntchito bwino komanso kukula kwake n'kofunika kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo wa GaN udakali pachitukuko, ndikudalirika kwanthawi yayitali komanso kukhwima kwapang'onopang'ono komwe kumafunikira kutsimikiziridwa kwina.
2.3 Magawo Ogwiritsa Ntchito
Mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri a zida za GaN komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri kwapangitsa kuti atengedwe m'magawo ambiri omwe akubwera, kuphatikiza ma charger othamanga, zida zamagetsi zolumikizirana za 5G, ma inverter ogwira ntchito, ndi zamagetsi zakumlengalenga. Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komanso kutsika mtengo, GaN ikuyembekezeka kuchita gawo lodziwika bwino pamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana.
3. Silicon Carbide (SiC) - Chida Chokondedwa Pazogwiritsa Ntchito Magetsi Apamwamba
3.1 Makhalidwe ndi Ubwino wake
Silicon Carbide ndi chinthu china chachikulu cha bandgap semiconductor chokhala ndi malo osweka kwambiri, matenthedwe amafuta, komanso kuthamanga kwa ma elekitironi kuposa silicon. Zida za SiC zimachita bwino kwambiri pamagetsi othamanga kwambiri komanso amphamvu kwambiri, makamaka pamagalimoto amagetsi (EVs) ndi ma inverters a mafakitale. Kulekerera kwamphamvu kwamagetsi kwa SiC komanso kutayika kocheperako kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho choyenera pakusinthira mphamvu moyenera komanso kukhathamiritsa kachulukidwe kamagetsi.
3.2 Zolepheretsa
Mofanana ndi GaN, zida za SiC ndizokwera mtengo kupanga, ndi njira zovuta kupanga. Izi zimachepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo kuzinthu zamtengo wapatali monga makina amagetsi a EV, magetsi osinthika, ma inverters othamanga kwambiri, ndi zida za gridi zanzeru.
3.3 Magawo Ogwiritsa Ntchito
Makhalidwe abwino a SiC, okwera kwambiri amawapangitsa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'malo amphamvu kwambiri, otentha kwambiri, monga ma EV inverters ndi ma charger, ma inverters amphamvu kwambiri a solar, makina amagetsi amphepo, ndi zina zambiri. Pamene kufunikira kwa msika kukukulirakulira komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, kugwiritsa ntchito zida za SiC m'magawo awa kupitilira kukula.
4. Market Trend Analysis
4.1 Kukula Mwamsanga kwa Misika ya GaN ndi SiC
Pakadali pano, msika waukadaulo wamagetsi ukusintha, pang'onopang'ono kuchoka ku zida zachikhalidwe za silicon kupita ku zida za GaN ndi SiC. Malinga ndi malipoti a kafukufuku wamsika, msika wa zida za GaN ndi SiC ukukula mwachangu ndipo akuyembekezeka kupitiliza kukula kwake mzaka zikubwerazi. Izi zimayendetsedwa makamaka ndi zinthu zingapo:
- **Kukwera kwa Magalimoto Amagetsi **: Pamene msika wa EV ukukula mofulumira, kufunikira kwapamwamba kwambiri, ma semiconductors amphamvu kwambiri akuwonjezeka kwambiri. Zida za SiC, chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwambiri pamagetsi apamwamba kwambiri, zakhala zosankha zomwe amakondaMakina amagetsi a EV.
- **Kukula Kwa Mphamvu Zongowonjezedwanso**: Makina opangira mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, monga mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo, amafunikira njira zamakono zosinthira mphamvu. Zida za SiC, zokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso zodalirika, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakinawa.
- **Kukweza Ma Consumer Electronics**: Pamene zida zamagetsi zogula monga mafoni a m'manja ndi laputopu zikusintha kuti zizigwira ntchito kwambiri komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali wa batri, zida za GaN zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukira m'machaja othamanga komanso ma adapter amagetsi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba.
4.2 Chifukwa Chosankha GaN ndi SiC
Chisamaliro chofala ku GaN ndi SiC chimachokera makamaka chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwambiri pazida za silicon pazogwiritsa ntchito zina.
- **Kuchita Bwino Kwambiri**: Zida za GaN ndi SiC zimapambana pamakina othamanga kwambiri komanso othamanga kwambiri, zimachepetsa kwambiri kutayika kwa mphamvu ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamagalimoto amagetsi, mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, komanso zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
- **Kukula Kocheperako**: Chifukwa zida za GaN ndi SiC zimatha kugwira ntchito pama frequency apamwamba, opanga magetsi amatha kuchepetsa kukula kwa zinthu zomwe sizimangokhala, potero akuchepetsa kukula kwa mphamvu zonse. Izi ndizofunikira pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira ma miniaturization ndi mapangidwe opepuka, monga zida zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zida zammlengalenga.
- **Kuwonjezera Kudalirika **: Zida za SiC zimawonetsa kukhazikika kwapadera komanso kudalirika pakutentha kwambiri, m'malo okwera kwambiri, kumachepetsa kufunika kwa kuziziritsa kwakunja ndikutalikitsa moyo wa chipangizocho.
5. Mapeto
Pakusinthika kwaukadaulo wamakono wamagetsi, kusankha kwa zida za semiconductor kumakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito ndi kuthekera kwakugwiritsa ntchito. Ngakhale silicon ikulamulirabe msika wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zachikhalidwe, matekinoloje a GaN ndi SiC akukhala zisankho zabwino zamakina ogwira ntchito, osalimba kwambiri, komanso odalirika kwambiri akamakhwima.
GaN ikulowa mwachangu kwa ogulazamagetsindi zigawo zoyankhulirana chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake othamanga kwambiri komanso apamwamba kwambiri, pamene SiC, yomwe ili ndi ubwino wake wapadera pamagetsi apamwamba, ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zambiri, ikukhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri mu magalimoto amagetsi ndi magetsi osinthika. Pamene mitengo ikucheperachepera komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, GaN ndi SiC akuyembekezeka kulowetsa zida za silicon m'mapulogalamu ambiri, ndikuyendetsa ukadaulo wamagetsi kukhala gawo latsopano lachitukuko.
Kusintha kumeneku kotsogozedwa ndi GaN ndi SiC sikungosintha momwe machitidwe amagetsi amapangidwira komanso kukhudza kwambiri mafakitale angapo, kuyambira pamagetsi ogula mpaka kasamalidwe ka mphamvu, kuwapangitsa kuti azigwira bwino ntchito komanso mayendedwe okonda zachilengedwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-28-2024